Investigation of the influence of the tourism industry on employment: theoretical aspect

Gorina, Ganna and Горіна, Ганна Олександрівна (2015) Investigation of the influence of the tourism industry on employment: theoretical aspect. Вісник Маріупольського державного університету (9). pp. 113-119. ISSN 2306-6792

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Abstract

The article discusses the theoretical basis of the impact of the tourism industry on employment. The presence of double impact of tourism on the social sphere of the state are established. The direct influence of the tourism industry in the social sphere of the state is expressed in improving the quality of human resources through the rest and recovery, as well as an increase in the number of employed population in this area. The indirect impact of tourism is much broader and is in stimulating employment in related allied industries. Different interpretations of the concept of "tourism multiplier" are highlighted. It was founded that regardless of the differences discussed definitions of the term "tourism multiplier" all definitions are reduced to the thesis that the multiplier effect of tourism is expressed mainly in the fact that income received in the tourism industry, contributes to the emergence of a new income to another business entity in related industries. It was established that in international practice there are four types of tourism multiplier: sales (transaction) multiplier, output multiplier, income multiplier, employment multiplier. The essence and ways of expression of the multiplier of employment in the tourism industry are determined. Employment Multiplier can be expressed in one of two ways: as a ration of the combination of direct and secondary employment generated per additional unit of tourist expenditure to direct employment generated, or as the employment created by tourism per unit of tourist expenditure. It was determined that employment in tourism is formed due to the specific demand of tourist consumption. In accordance with the extent to which a product or service belonging to tourism consumption, they are divided into two main groups: specific and non-specific. Specific tourism products and services are divided into two narrower subgroups: typical tourist goods and services and tourism related products and services. The expediency of using International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008) is justified. It is proved that the imperfection of the domestic tourism industry statistics does not allow using of existing methods of calculating the indirect impact of tourism through tourist multiplier model and objectively assessing its contribution to the creation of jobs in related industries. Introduction of Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 (TSA: RMF 2008) in national accounts of Ukraine is justified. Pointed out that the main purpose of a Tourism Satellite Account is to analyze in detail all the aspects of demand for goods and services associated with the activity of visitors; to observe the operational interface with the supply of such goods and services within the economy; and to describe how this supply interacts with other economic activities

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